IAA: Instituto Ant醨tico Argentino, Museo Ant醨tico de la Fundaci髇 Marambio, Buenos Aires. Note: research institution; status of collections unknown. Buenos Aires. Argentina.
IABHU: Institute for Amphibian Biology, Hiroshima University, Higashihiroshima. Current as: IABHU (amphibians). See also: ZIHU. Hiroshima. Japan.
IACB: L'Institut d'Anatomie et de Chirurgie [Institue of Anatomy and Surgery], Bucureşti [Bucharest]. Note: established in late 1800s in Faculty of Medicine at University of Bucharest; deposition of holotype of Glauconia algeriensis Jacquet, 1896 not confirmed here, but presumably originally associated with IACB; holotype also questionably associated with Institutul National de Cercetare-Dezvoltare pentru Stirte Biologice, Bucharest (INCDS) by Wallach et al. (2014). Bucureşti [Bucharest]. Romania.
IADIZA: Instituto Argentino de Investigaci髇 de Zonas 羠ides (CCT-Mendoza-CONICET), Mendoza. Current as: IADIZA. Also as: CH-IADIZA, IADIZA-CH (Colecci髇 Herpetol骻ica). Mendoza. Argentina.
IAMC-CNR: Istituto per l'Ambiente Marino Costiero del Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Taranto. Taranto. Italy.
IAPG: Institute of Animal Physiology and Genetics, Laboratory of Fish Genetics, Liběchov. Current as: IAPG (fishes). Středočesk� [Central Bohemian]. Czech Republic.
IARM: Vivario del Museo de Ciencias Naturales e Hist髍icas del Instituto Ruiz de Montoya, Posadas. Misiones. Argentina.
IASST: Institute of Advanced Study in Science and Technology, Guwahati. Current as: IASST (amphibians). Assam. India.
IAV: Instituto de Animales Venenosas 揇r. Jorge W. 羈alos�, Santiago del Estero. Santiago del Estero. Argentina.
IAvH: Instituto de Investigaci髇 de Recursos Biol骻icos Alexander von Humboldt, Villa de Leyva. Includes: amphibian collection from Instituto Nacional de Recursos Naturales Renovables y del Ambiente (IND-Am); freshwater fishes (including types of Corydoras) originally deposited at Museo del Mar (MM), Universidad de Bogot� Jorge Tadeo Lozano (UBJTL/UBJTLMM) and later transferred to INVEMAR (some apparently lost during transfers). Obsolete as: IAVHP (fishes). Current as: IAvH-CB (Colecciones Biol骻icas), IAvH-CT (tissue collection), IAvH-P (fishes), IAvH-Am (amphibians), IAvH-R (reptiles). See also: INVEMAR. Boyac�. Colombia.
IBAUNC: Instituto de Biolog韆 Animal, Universidad Nacional de Cuyo, Mendoza. Current as: IBAUNC (fishes, herps). Also as: IBA, IBA-UNC (herps). Mendoza. Argentina.
IBE: Institut de Biologia Evolutiva, Barcelona. Note: jointly operated by Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cient韋icas and Universitat Pompeu Fabra (CSIC-UPF). Current as: IBE (herps). Also as: IBES. Barcelona. Spain.
IBH-LT: Estaci髇 de Biolog韆 Tropical de Los Tuxtlas, Instituto de Biolog韆 de la Universidad Nacional Aut髇oma de M閤ico (UNAM), near San Andr閟 Tuxtla. Note: herp collection to be incorporated into CNAR. Obsolete as: CAR-EBTT, UNAM-LT (herps). Current as: IBH-LT (herps). Veracruz. Mexico.
IBIGEO: Instituto de Bio y Geociencias del NOA, Rosario de Lerma. Note: established in 2009 as scientific research unit of Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Cient韋icas y T閏nicas (CONICET) and Universidad Nacional de Salta (UNSa). Current as: IBIGEO-I, IBIGEO-P (fishes), IBIGEO-R (reptiles). Salta. Argentina.
IBISS: University of Belgrade, Institute for Biological Research 揝ini歛 Stanković�, National Institute of Republic of Serbia, Belgrade. Also known as: Institut za biolo歬a istra瀒vanja 揝ini歛 Stanković�. Includes: herps collected by Milutin Radovanovic (1900�1968), transferred from Natural History Museum in Belgrade (NHMBEO); lizards collected by Vojislav Vasić in Afghanistan. Current as: IBISS (herps). See also: DPFMGB (fossils). Belgrade. Serbia.
IBKB: Institute of Biology and Soil Sciences, National Academy of Sciences of the Kyrgyz Republic, Bishkek. Kyrgyzstan.
IBRC: Indonesian Biodiversity Research Center, Denpasar City. Note: opened in June 2010 as a collaboration between Udayana University, Diponegoro University, the State University of Papua, University of California Los Angeles and the Smithsonian Institution. Current as: IBRC (fishes). Bali. Indonesia.
IBRP: Institute for Breeding Research, Tokyo University of Agriculture, Tokyo. Tokyo. Japan.
IBSD: Institute of Bioresources and Sustainable Development, Ministry of Science and Technology, Government of India, Takyelpat, Imphal. Manipur. India.
IBSP: Cole玢o Herpetol骻ica 揂lphonse Richard Hoge�, Instituto Butantan, S鉶 Paulo. Note: destroyed by fire 15 May 2010. Obsolete as: IB, IBH. Current as: IBSP. S鉶 Paulo. Brazil.
ICMARES: Instituto de Ciencias del Mar y Limnolog韆, Universidad de El Salvador, San Salvador. Note: collections assembled in the 1950s and associated with the Instituto Tropical de Investigaciones Cient韋icas (ITIC) were neglected and eventually lost; current fish collection established ca. 2005. Current as: ICMARES (fishes). El Salvador.
ICN-MHN: Instituto de Ciencias Naturales, Museo de Historia Natural, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogot�. Note: zoological collections began in 1938, fish collection in 1941. Includes: fishes collected by Cecil Miles and George Dahl. Obsolete as: I.C.N.B. (Instituto de Ciencias Naturales, Bogot�), ICNMHN, ICNMNH, ICN/MHN, MHN-UNC, MHNUNC. Current as: ICN-MHN (fishes), ICN (herps). See also: UN ICNMHNR (fossils). Distrito Capital. Colombia.
ICN: Instituto de Ci阯cias Naturais, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre. Note: no longer extant; some specimens transferred to Departamento de Zoologia in 1978. See also: UFRGS. Rio Grande do Sul. Brazil.
ICP: Institut Catal� de Paleontologia 揗iquel Crusafont�, Universitat Aut騨oma de Barcelona, Cerdanyola del Vall鑣. Formerly: Institut de Paleontologia de Sabadell (IPS), Museo Provincial de Paleontolog韆 de Barcelona. Current as: ICP (fossils). Also as: IPS, IPSN (fossils). See also: UAB (fishes). Barcelona. Spain.
ICP: Instituto 揅lodomiro Picado�, research unit of Universidad de Costa Rica, Coronado. Also as: MICP (herps). San Jos�. Costa Rica.
ICSTZM: International Center for Science, High Technology, and Environmental Sciences, Zoological Museum, Kerman. Obsolete as: ZCSK. Current as: ICSTZM (herps). Also as: ICSTZ (herps). Kerman. Iran.
IDSM: Instituto de Desenvolvimento Sustent醰el Mamirau�, Tef�. Current as: IDSM (fishes). Amazonas. Brazil.
IEBR: Institute of Ecology and Biological Resources, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology (VAST), Cau Giay District, Hanoi. Formerly: National Center for Natural Science and Technology (NCST) of Vietnam. Current as: IEBR. See also: VNMN. Hanoi. Vietnam.
IEC SB RAS: Institute of the Earth's Crust, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences. Formerly: Institute of Geology, East-Siberian Branch of the USSR Academy of Sciences founded in 1949; renamed East-Siberian Geological Institute (1957�1962). Current as: IEC SB RAS (fossils). Irkutsk Oblast. Russia.
IEE: A.N. Severtsov Institute of Ecology and Evolution, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow. Also known as: Institute of Animal Evolutionary Morphology and Ecology. Note: founded in 1934. Current as: IEE (fishes), IEMEM (herps). Also as: IPEE (fishes). Central Federal District. Russia.
IEND: inatura桬rlebnis Naturschau Dornbirn, Dornbirn. Current as: IEND (sharks). Vorarlberg. Austria.
IEOST: Instituto Espa駉l de Oceanograf韆, Centro Oceanogr醘ico de Santander, Santander. Cantabria. Spain.
IEOV: Instituto Espa駉l de Oceanograf韆 (IEO), Centro Oceanogr醘ico de Vigo, Vigo. Note: founded in 1917. Current as: IEOV. See also: LV. Pontevedra. Spain.
IEPA: Instituto de Pesquisas Cient韋icas e Tecnol骻icas do Estado do Amap�, Macap�. Note: mistakenly associated with 揑nstituto de Ensino Profissional da Amaz鬾ia� (Andrade et al., 2016:2). Current as: IEPA (fishes, herps). Amap�. Brazil.
IES: Institut H. E. Sauvage, Saint-蓆ienne-au-Mont. Current as: IES (fishes). Pas-de-Calais. France.
IFAN: Institut Fondamental d'Afrique Noire, Dakar. Formerly: Institut Fran鏰is d'Afrique Noire (1938�1966). Current as: IFAN (fishes, herps). Senegal.
IFC-ESUF: Inland Fishes Collection, Eğirdir Su 黵黱leri Fak黮tesi [Faculty of Fisheries], S黮eyman Demirel 躰iversitesi [Suleyman Demirel University], Isparta. Current as: IFC-ESUF (fishes). See also: SCFK-SDU. Isparta. Turkey.
IFIE: Instituto Forestal de Investigaciones y Experiencias, Madrid. Madrid. Spain.
IFP: Museum of the Marine Research Laboratory of the Integrated Fisheries Project, Kochi [Cochin]. Note: descended from fishing centre established in Cochin in 1957 by Indo Norwegian Project; became IFP managed by Government of India in 1972 and renamed National Institute of Fisheries Post Harvest Technology and Training (NIFPHATT) in 2008; status of natural history collections unknown. See also: CMFRI. Kerala. India.
IFREMER: Institut Fran鏰is de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer, La Rochelle. Note: fish types moved to Mus閡m national d'Histoire naturelle, Paris (MNHN) and Mus閡m d'Histoire naturelle de La Rochelle (MHNRL). Charente-Maritime. France.
IFReDI: Inland Fisheries Research and Development Institute, Phnom Penh. Current as: IFReDI (fishes). Phnom Penh. Cambodia.
IFUT: Institute of Flora and Fauna Genofond [Gene Pool], Academy of Sciences of Uzbekistan, Tashkent. See also: IZANUZ. Uzbekistan.
IGC: Instituto de Geoci阯cias, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (CCT-UFMG), Belo Horizonte. Current as: IGC-P (fossils). See also: UFMG (fishes, herps). Minas Gerais. Brazil.
IGCAGS: Institute of Geology, Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences [Academia Sinica], Beijing. Current as: IGCAGS (fossils). Also as: CAGS-IG. Beijing. China.
IGF: Museo di Storia Naturale, collezioni della Sezione di Geologia e Paleontologia, Universit� di Firenze, Firenze [Florence]. Formerly: Institute of Geology, Firenze [Florence]. Obsolete as: MGPF, MGPUF, MGUF. Current as: IGF (fossils). Also as: MSNFI IGF (fossils). See also: MZUF (fishes, herps). Firenze [Florence]. Italy.
IGM: Colecci髇 Nacional de Paleontolog韆, Museo Mar韆 del Carmen Perrilliat, Instituto de Geolog韆, Universidad Nacional Aut髇oma de M閤ico (UNAM), M閤ico City. Obsolete as: IGM-CMR (Recent fishes). Current as: IGM (fossils), CMRC (fishes, Colecci髇 de Material Reciente para Comparaci髇; Also as CMR, UNAM (IGM-CMR)). Mexico City. Mexico.
IGVR: Museo Geopaleontologico di Camposilvano, Velo Veronese. Current as: IGVR (fossils). Verona. Italy.
IHB: Museum for Aquatic Organisms, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences [Academia Sinica], Wuhan. Includes: specimens from Zhuhai Fisheries Science Research Institute (ZX). Note: established in 1950 via merger involving Institute of Zoology of Academia Sinica located in Shanghai (ZIAS); relocated to Wuhan in 1954. Obsolete as: IHASW, IHBCAS, IHCAS. Current as: IHB (fishes). Hubei. China.
IHN: Instituto de Historia Natural de Chiapas, Tuxtla Guti閞rez. Formerly: Museo de Zoolog韆 de Tuxtla Guti閞rez (MZTG). Obsolete as: MZTG. Current as: IHN (herps). Chiapas. Mexico.
IIAP: Instituto de Investigaciones de la Amazon韆 Peruana, Iquitos. Current as: GGU-IIAP (herps, Giussepe Gagliardi collection), IIAP (fishes, herps). Loreto. Peru.
IIB-UV: Instituto de Investigaciones Biol骻icas (IIB), Universidad Veracruzana, Xalapa Enr韖uez. Obsolete as: MZUV (Museo de Zoolog韆). Current as: IIB-UV (herps, mammals). See also: VER. Veracruz. Mexico.
IIBP: Instituto de Investigaci髇 Biol骻ica del Paraguay, Asunci髇. Note: includes herps from Colecci髇 Biol骻ica Arnoldo de Winkelried Bertoni. Gran Asunci髇. Paraguay.
IICT: Instituto de Investiga玢o Cient韋ica Tropical, Centro de Zoologia, Lisboa [Lisbon]. Formerly: Junta de Investiga珲es Cient韋icas do Ultramar (JICU) ca. 1973�79. Note: collections housed at MUHNAC, but remain independent. Obsolete as: CZL. Current as: IICT (herps, birds). Also as: CZ-IICT. See also: MUHNAC. Lisboa [Lisbon]. Portugal.
IINH: Icelandic Institute of Natural History, Gardabaer. Formerly: Icelandic Museum of Natural History (IMNH). Obsolete as: IMNH, NHMR. Current as: IINH. Iceland.
IIPB: Institut de Ci鑞cies del Mar (ICM) de Barcelona, Departament de Biologia Marina i Oceanografia, Barcelona. Formerly: Instituto de Investigaciones Pesqueras (IIP) de Barcelona (1977/8�1987), descended from laboratory and headquarters of Instituto de Investigaciones Pesqueras established in Barcelona in 1957, itself descended from Secci髇 de Biolog韆 Marina (established 1949) of Instituto de Biolog韆 Aplicada established in 1943 by Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cient韋icas (CSIC) and originally associated with zoology laboratory at Universitat de Barcelona. Note: fish collection formally institutionalized in 1982. Obsolete as: IBAB (fishes). Current as: IIPB (fishes), AFORO-ICM (otoliths). Also as: ICM, CBR (Colecciones Biol骻icas de Referencia). Barcelona. Spain.
IISER-TVM: Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Thiruvananthapuram [ex Trivandrum]. Note: IISER-TVM is abbreviation for institution, but VPC-GK used to cite gecko specimen in collection. Kerala. India.
IITR: Vertebrate Paleontology Laboratory, Department of Earth Sciences, Indian Institute of Technology, Roorkee. Formerly: University of Roorkee (RUSB) until 2001. Includes: fossils from Vastan lignite mine, Taluka Mangrol, Surat District, Gujarat. Obsolete as: RUSB. Current as: IITR (fossils). Also as: IITR/SB/VLM (fossils). Uttarakhand. India.
IIZD: Colecci髇 de Vertebrados, Instituto de Investigaciones de Zonas Des閞ticas, Universidad Aut髇oma de San Luis Potos�. San Luis Potos�. Mexico.
IMA: Institute of Marine Affairs, Chaguaramas. Current as: IMA. Trinidad. Trinidad & Tobago.
IMARPE: Instituto del Mar del Per�, Callao, Lima. See also: LCT-IMARPE (Laboratorio Costero de Tumbes). Lima. Peru.
IMBR: A.O. Kovalevsky Institute of Marine Biological Research, Russian Academy of Sciences, Sevastopol. Formerly: A.O. Kovalevsky Institute of Biology of the Southern Seas, Ukrainian Academy of Sciences (IBSS) from 1963�2014, descended from the Sevastopol Biological Station (SBS) founded in 1871. Note: questionably associated with the Sevastopol Experimental Design Bureau for Underwater Investigation (SEKPB) listed by Leviton and Gibbs (1988:281). Sevastopol. Ukraine.
IMCF: Iwaki City Museum of Coal and Fossils, Iwaki. Note: questionably the same as Iwaki Museum of Natural History (IMNH). Current as: IMCF (fossils). Fukushima. Japan.
IMCN: Colecci髇 Zool骻ica de Referencia Cientifica, Museo de Ciencias Naturales Federico Carlos Lehmann Valencia del INCIVA, Cali. Formerly: Museo Departamental de Historia Natural de Cali (1963�1974). Includes: some of Cecil Miles' fishes from Museo Ictiol骻ico de la Escuela Superior de Agricultura Tropical (E.S.A.T.), Cali, and Facultad de Agronom韆 del Departamento del Valle del Cauca, Palmira (now part of Universidad Nacional de Colombia); Miles' collection largely lost due to flood in 1980 and subsequent burial (48 lots unearthed in 1983 and eventually returned to IMCN). Note: Museo de Ciencias Naturales de Cali and Jard韓 Bot醤ico Juan Mar韆 C閟pedes merged in 1979 to form Instituto Vallecaucano de Investigaciones Cient韋icas (INCIVA), renamed Instituto para la Investigaci髇 y Preservaci髇 del Patrimonio Cultural y Natural del Valle del Cauca in 2000 (abbreviation INCIVA retained). In error as: ICMN (fishes). Current as: IMCN (fishes). Also as: INCIVA (fishes). Valle del Cauca. Colombia.
IMECBIO: Universidad de Guadalajara, Instituto Manantl醤 de Ecolog韆 y Conservaci髇 de la Biodiversidad, Colecci髇 de Vertebrados. Formerly: Colecci髇 Zool骻ica del Laboratorio Natural Las Joyas de la Sierra de Manantl醤. Current as: IMECBIO. Also as: LNLJ. Jalisco. Mexico.
IMM: Inner Mongolia Museum, Hohhot. Inner Mongolia. China.
IMNH: Idaho Museum of Natural History, Idaho State University, Pocatello. Includes: nearly entire fish collection of The Philip L. Wright Zoological Museum (UMZM), donated in 2015. Current as: IMNH. Idaho. USA.
IMNRF-UT: Ichthyological Museum, Faculty of Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Tehran. Current as: IMNRF-UT (fishes). See also: ZUTC (Zoological Museum). Tehran. Iran.
IMRKL: Institute of Medical Research, Kuala Lumpur. Kuala Lumpur. Malaysia.
INALI: Instituto Nacional de Limnolog韆, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Cienct韋icas y Tecnol骻icas (CONICET), Universidad Nacional del Litoral, Santo Tom�. Note: fish collection transferred to Museo Provincial de Ciencias Naturales 揊lorentino Ameghino�, Santa F� (MFA). See also: MFA. Corrientes. Argentina.
INBAC: Instituto Nacional da Biodiversidade e 羠eas de Conserva玢o, Minist閞io do Ambiente de Angola, Kilamba Kiaxi, Luanda. Current as: INBAC (herps). Luanda. Angola.
IND: Laboratoria de Fauna, Division de Fauna Terrestre, Instituto Nacional de Recursos Naturales Renovables y del Ambiente (INDERENA), Bogot�. Note: government environmental agency created in 1968 and replaced by Ministerio del Medio Ambiente in 1993; amphibian collection (IND-Am) transferred to Instituto de Investigaci髇 de Recursos Biol骻icos Alexander von Humboldt (IAvH-Am). See also: CIP (Cartagena, Bol韛ar). Distrito Capital. Colombia.
INDP: Instituto Nacional de Desenvolvimento das Pescas, Mindelo, island of S鉶 Vicente. Current as: INDP (fishes). Cape Verde.
INHER: Institute of Natural History Education and Research, Kothrud, Pune. Current as: INHER (herps). Maharashtra. India.
INHMT: Instituto de Nacional de Higiene y Medicina Tropical Leopoldo Izquieta P閞ez, Guayaquil. Note: currently known as Instituto Nacional de Investigaci髇 en Salud P鷅lica (INSPI). Guayas. Ecuador.
INHRCM: Iraq Natural History Research Center and Museum, University of Baghdad, Al-Waziriya, Baghdad. Formerly: Iraq Museum of Natural History (IMNH, IMNHB). Includes: collection assembled by A.D. Niazi and staff at the Natural History Museum of the University of Baghdad. Note: some fossils in INHRCM, others in Department of Earth Science (Geology), College of Science. Obsolete as: IMNH, IMNHB, IRAQ. Current as: INHRCM (herps, fossils). Iraq.
INHS: Illinois Natural History Survey, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Champaign. Note: descended in part from Illinois State Laboratory of Natural History (ISLNH). Includes: fish & herp collections of the University of Illinois Museum of Natural History (UIMNH; herps retain UIMNH catalog numbers); fish & herp collections from Southern Illinois University Carbondale (SIUC) and fish collections from Southern Illinois University Edwardsville (SIUE), Kentucky Department of Fish & Wildlife Resources, Frankfort (KFW), Murray State University, Kentucky (MSUKY) and University of Louisville, Kentucky (UL), all transferred from SIUC in July 2015. Current as: INHS (fishes, herps), UIMNH (herps from University of Illinois Museum of Natural History). Illinois. USA.
INIA: Ministerio de Agricultura y Cr韆, Instituto Nacional de Investigaciones Agr韈olas (INIA), Estaci髇 Local El Lago, Maracaibo. Current as: INIA (fishes). See also: MAC-APU, MAC-PAY. Zulia. Venezuela.
INIBP: Instituto Nacional de la Pesca (INP), Santa Cruz Atoyac, Mexico City. Formerly: Instituto Nacional de Investigaciones Biol骻ico Pesqueras (1962�1971). Also as: EBMP-INP, INP, LBT (Laboratorio Biol骻ico). Mexico City. Mexico.
INIDEP: Instituto Nacional de Investigaciones desarrollo pesquero, Mar del Plata. Formerly: Instituto de Biolog韆 Marina (IBMC) until 1977. Current as: INIDEP (fishes). Buenos Aires. Argentina.
INIP: Instituto Nacional de Investiga鏰o das Pescas e do Mar, Alg閟, Oeiras. Includes: fishes formerly deposited at Centro de Biologia Piscat髍ia, Lisboa. Note: IPIMAR and Instituto Nacional de Investiga玢o Agr醨ia (INIA) merged to become Instituto Nacional de Investiga玢o Agr醨ia e das Pescas (INIAP) in 2002, which merged with Laborat髍io Nacional de Investiga玢o Veterin醨ia (LNIV) to become Instituto Nacional de Recursos Biol骻icos (INRB I.P./L-IPIMAR) in 2006. Lisboa [Lisbon]. Portugal.
INIREB: Instituto Nacional de Investigaciones En Recursos Bi髏icos, Xalapa [Jalapa]. Note: herp collection transferred to El Colegio de la Frontera Sur (ECO-SC). Veracruz. Mexico.
INIRENA: Instituto de Investigaciones sobre los Recursos Naturales, Universidad Michoacana de San Nicol醩 de Hidalgo, Morelia. Current as: INIRENA (herps). Also as: UMSNH. See also: CPUM (fishes). Michoac醤. Mexico.
INM: Ibaraki Nature Museum, Bando. Current as: INM (fishes). Ibaraki. Japan.
INPA: Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amaz鬾ia, Manaus. Current as: INPA-ICT (fishes), INPA-H (herps). Amazonas. Brazil.
INS-SR: Serpentario del Instituto Nacional de Salud, Bogot�. Current as: INS-SR (herps). Distrito Capital. Colombia.
INSDAV: Instituto Nacional de Salud, Division de Animales Venenosos, Lima. Current as: INSDAV (herps). Lima. Peru.
INSM: Indiana State Museum, Indianapolis. Current as: INSM (herps, fossils). Indiana. USA.
INVEMAR: Instituto de Investigaciones Marinas y Costeras 揓os� Benito Vives de Andr閕s�, Museo de Historia Natural Marina de Colombia (MHNMC), Rodadero Sur, Santa Marta. Formerly: Instituto Colombo-Alem醤 de Investigaciones Cient韋icas Punta de Bet韓 (ICAL, 1963�1974); Colecci髇 de Referencia de Organismos Marinos del Invemar (CRM, 1974�1994). Includes: marine fishes from Colecci髇 del Museo del Mar (MM), Universidad de Bogot� Jorge Tadeo Lozano (UBJTL/UBJTLMM), some apparently lost during transfer; marine fishes from INDERENA (received from IAvH). Current as: INVEMAR PEC (fishes cited in publications) and INV PEC (specimen labels and publications). Also as: INVEMAR, INVEMAR-P, INVEMAR-PEC & INV-PEC (fishes), MHNMC (IAvH registry). See also: IAvH. Magdalena. Colombia.
IOC: Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Funda玢o Oswaldo Cruz (FIOCRUZ), Rio de Janeiro. Current as: IOC (herps). Rio de Janeiro. Brazil.
IOCAS: Institute of Oceanology, Academia Sinica [Chinese Academy of Sciences], Qingdao. Formerly: Nanhai Oceanographic Institute. Note: Marine Biological Museum founded in 1950. Obsolete as: ASIO, NOI. Current as: IOCAS (fishes). Also as: MBM or MBMCAS (Marine Biological Museum). Shandong. China.
IORAS: P.P. Shirshov Institute of Oceanology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow. Obsolete as: IOAN, IORAN, PPSIO. Current as: IORAS. Also as: IOM (fishes). Central Federal District. Russia.
IORD: Institute of Oceanic Research and Development, Tokai University, Shimizu. Note: some fishes transferred to National Museum of Nature and Science (NSMT). See also: MSM, TMFE. Shizuoka. Japan.
IORD: Oceanographic and Fisheries Institute, Dubrovnik. Current as: IORD (fishes). Dubrovnik-Neretva. Croatia.
IOS: Institute of Oceanographic Sciences, Wormley, Godalming. Includes: Deacon Laboratory (IOSDL). Note: merged into Southampton Oceanography Centre and renamed National Oceanography Centre, Southampton (NOCS) in 1996; renamed Natural Environment Research Council (NERC) in 2005. England. United Kingdom.
IP: Instituto Pinheiros Produtos Terap陁ticos S.A., S鉶 Paulo. Note: collection no longer extant; herp specimens divided among several institutions including Museu de Ci阯cias Naturais, Funda玢o Zoobot鈔ica do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre (MCN). Also as: IPSP. S鉶 Paulo. Brazil.
IPE: Instituto Pirenaico de Ecolog韆, Jaca. Current as: IPE (herps). Huesca. Spain.
IPFUB: Freie Universit鋞 Berlin [Free University of Berlin], Institut f黵 Geologische Wissenschaften, Fachrichtung Pal鋙ntologie, Berlin. In error as: IFPUB (fossils). Current as: IPFUB (fossils). Berlin. Germany.
IPG: Institut Pasteur de Guyane, Cayenne. Guiana [French Guiana]. France.
IPMB: Institut Penyelidikan Marin Borneo, Aquarium & Marine Museum of University Malaysia Sabah [Universiti Malaysia Sabah], Kota Kinabalu. Also known as: Borneo Marine Research Institute (BMRI). Obsolete as: BMRI. Current as: IPMB. Also as: UMSB (not confirmed). See also: ITBC. Sabah. Malaysia.
IPMM: Iwate Prefectural Museum, Morioka. Current as: IPMM (fossils). Iwate. Japan.
IPPS: Institut Penyelidikan Perikanan Sarawak [Fisheries Research Institute Sarawak (FRIS)], Kuching. Sarawak. Malaysia.
IPUM: Inventario Paleontologia Universit� di Modena e Reggio Emilia (UNIMORE), Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche e Geologiche, UNIMORE, Modena. Current as: IPUM (fossils). See also: IZUM (herps). Modena. Italy.
IPUW: Institut f黵 Pal鋙ntologie, Universit鋞 Wien, Wien [Vienna]. Obsolete as: UWPI. Current as: IPUW (fossils), UNIVIE EMRG (ichthyological collection, Department of Palaeontology). Also as: PIUW (fossils). See also: ZCUV (fishes, herps). Wien [Vienna]. Austria.
IRD: Institut de Recherche pour le D関eloppement (ORSTOM), Hann, Dakar. Note: includes herps deposited by Jean-Fran鏾is Trape (Coll. JFT). Current as: IRD (herps). Senegal.
IRET: Institut de Recherche en Ecologie Tropicale, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique et Technologique (CENAREST), Libreville. Note: founded in 1985. Gabon.
IRSEN: Institut National de Recherche en Sciences Exactes et Naturelles, Brazzaville. Current as: IRSEN (herps). Sud-Kivu. Congo (RC).
IRSM: Institut de Recherche Scientifique de Madagascar (1946�1957), Antananarivo [Tana]. Note: fishes mostly transferred to Mus閡m national d'Histoire naturelle, Paris (MNHN). Madagascar.
IRSNB: Institut royal des Sciences naturelles de Belgique [Koninklijk Belgisch Instituut voor Natuurwetenschappen (KBIN, KNMB), Royal Belgian Institute of Natural Sciences (RBINS)], Brussels. Formerly: Mus閑 royal d'Histoire naturelle de Belgique (MRHN) [Koninklijk Natuurhistorisch Museum van Belgi隴, created in 1846. Obsolete as: IRScNB, ISBN, ISNB, ISNM, KNMB, MRHN, RIB. Current as: IRSNB (fishes, herps, fossils). Also as: KBIN (sharks, herps, birds), RBINS (fossils). Brussels. Belgium.
ISBB: Institutul de Biologie Bucureşti, Bucureşti [Bucharest]. Formerly: Institutul de Biologie 揟raian Săvulescu� (IBTS) established in 1960, part of Institutul Central de Biologie (ICEBIOL, 1973�1990), became Institutul de Biologie Bucureşti within Academiei Rom鈔e in 1990. Obsolete as: IBTS. Current as: ISBB. Bucureşti [Bucharest]. Romania.
ISCED: Instituto Superior de Ci阯cias de Educa玢o da Hu韑a (ISCED-Hu韑a), Lubango [ex S� da Bandeira]. Also known as: Lubango Museum. Includes: collections of Instituto de Investiga玢o Cient韋ica de Angola (IICA). Current as: ISCED. Hu韑a. Angola.
ISCM: Institut scientifique de Rabat, Rabat. Formerly: Institut Scientifique Ch閞ifien (ISCR). Also as: ISCR, ISR (herps). Rabat-Sal�-K閚itra. Morocco.
ISEA: Institute of Systematics and Ecology of Animals, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk. Current as: ISEA (herps). Novosibirsk Oblast. Russia.
ISEA: Muzeum Przyrodnicze Instytutu Systematyki i Ewolucji Zwierząt (ISEZ), Polskiej Akademii Nauk [Institute of Systematics and Evolution of Animals, Polish Academy of Sciences], Krak體 [Cracow]. Formerly: Institute of Systematic and Experimental Zoology (ZZSD) until 1989. Current as: ISEA (entomology, birds), ZZSiD (fossils). Also as: ISEZ, ZZS, ZZSD. Lesser Poland. Poland.
ISER: Institutul Speologie 揈mil G. Racovitxă�, Bucureşti [Bucharest]. Note: founded in 1920 by Emil Racovita (1868�1947) in Faculty of Sciences at University of Cluj (now Babeş-Bolyai University); reorganized in 1956 with main headquarters in Bucharest and branch in Cluj-Napoca. Current as: ISER (biospeleological collection). Also as: ISB (fossils, paleontological collection). Bucureşti [Bucharest]. Romania.
ISI: Indian Statistical Institute, Geological Studies Unit, Palaeontological collections, Kolkata [ex Calcutta]. Current as: ISI P (fossil fishes), ISIR (fossil reptiles). Also as: GSU:ISI (fossil fishes). West Bengal. India.
ISM: Illinois State Museum, Springfield. Illinois. USA.
ISMF: Istituto [Scuola] di Sanit� Militare di Firenze, Firenze [Florence]. Firenze [Florence]. Italy.
ISPRA: Institute for Environmental Protection and Research, Laboratory of Milazzo ichthyological collection, Milazzo, Island of Sicily. Current as: ISPRA (fishes). Messina. Italy.
ISTPM: Institut Fran鏰is de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER), Nantes. Formerly: Institut Scientifique et Technique des P阠hes Maritimes (1918�1984). Loire-Atlantique. France.
ISU: Indiana State University, Terre Haute. Also as: ISUVC (mammals). Indiana. USA.
ISUA: Iowa State University, Ames. Formerly: Iowa State College. Current as: ISUA (fishes, herps). Also as: ISC (herbarium). Iowa. USA.
ISUC: Illinois State University, Normal. Current as: ISUC (fishes, herps). Also as: ISU (birds & mammals). Illinois. USA.
ITAH: Instituto Tecnol骻ico Agropecuario de Hidalgo, Huejutla de Reyes. Hidalgo. Mexico.
ITB: School of Life Sciences and Technology, Institut Teknologi Bandung, Bandung. Note: some herp specimens (including types) to be transferred to MZB in Cibinong; abbreviations DTI or ITB.DTI used for herps collected by Djoko T. Iskandar. Current as: ITB (herps), PALITB (fossils). West Java. Indonesia.
ITBC: Institute for Tropical Biology and Conservation Zoological Collection [BORNEENSIS], Universiti Malaysia Sabah (UMS), Kota Kinabalu. Current as: ITBC. Also as: BORN (amphibians), UMSB (not confirmed). See also: IPMB. Sabah. Malaysia.
ITBCZ: Institute of Tropical Biology (ITB) Collection of Zoology, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology (VAST), Ho Chi Minh City [ex Saigon]. Obsolete as: ITBMZ. Current as: ITBCZ (herps). See also: SIEZC. Ho Chi Minh City. Vietnam.
ITCAM: Istituto Tecnico Commerciale Archimede, Modica. Current as: ITCAM (fossils). Ragusa. Italy.
ITSZ: Colecci髇 Cient韋ica de Flora y Fauna Silvestre del Instituto Tecnol骻ico Superior de Zongolica, Zongolica. Current as: ITSZ (herps). Veracruz. Mexico.
IU: Indiana University, Bloomington. Note: old zoological collection destroyed by fire in July 1883 or transferred primarily to California Academy of Sciences (CAS-IU), Field Museum of Natural History (FMNH), University of Michigan (UMMZ) and US National Museum of Natural History (USNM); fish collection of Shelby Gerking and others (1940s Indiana State surveys) transferred to Ohio State University (OSUM). Also as: IUM. Indiana. USA.
IUG: Islamic University of Gaza, Gaza City. Current as: BD/IUG (herps, Biology Department). Gaza Strip. Palestine.
IUT-IM: Isfahan University of Technology Ichthyology Museum, Isfahan. Current as: IUT-IM (fishes). Isfahan. Iran.
IVB: Instituto Vital Brazil, Niter骾. In error as: IVP (herps). Current as: IVB (herps). Rio de Janeiro. Brazil.
IVIC: Instituto Venezolano de Investigaciones Cient韋icas, San Ant髇io de los Altos. Current as: IVIC (fossils), OR (fossils, 揈l Breal de Orocual� collection). Miranda. Venezuela.
IVO: Serpentario del Instituto Venezolano de Ofidiolog韆, Caracas. Districto Federal. Venezuela.
IVPP: Institute of Vertebrate Paleontology and Paleoanthropology, Chinese Academy of Sciences [Academia Sinica], Beijing. Formerly: Institute of Vertebrate Paleontology (1957�1960). Current as: IVPP V (vertebrate fossils). See also: NZMC (Recent fishes, herps). Beijing. China.
IWU: Illinois Wesleyan University, Bloomington. Current as: IWU (herps). Illinois. USA.
IZA: Istituto di Zoologia, Universit� degli Studi dell'Aquila, L'Aquila. Note: status unknown; some specimens moved to Universit� di Napoli Federico II (CMSNF/MZN). L'Aquila. Italy.
IZAB: Institute of Zoology, Azerbaijan National Academy of Sciences, Baku. Obsolete as: ZIAZ, IZA. Current as: IZAB. Also as: IZBA (entomology). Azerbaijan.
IZANUZ: Institute of Zoology, Academy of Sciences of Uzbekistan, Tashkent. Obsolete as: ANUz (fossils). Current as: IZANUZ (fossils). See also: IFUT. Uzbekistan.
IZK: Institute of Zoology, Kazakhstan Academy of Sciences [Kazakh Academy of Sciences], Almaty [formerly Alma-Ata and Verny]. Current as: IZK (fossils). Also as: IZASK, ZIA (Zoological Institute). Kazakhstan.
IZPAN: Muzeum i Instytut Zoologii, Polskiej Akademii Nauk [Museum and Institute of Zoology, Polish Academy of Sciences], Warszawa [Warsaw]. Formerly: Zoological Cabinet of predecessors to University of Warsaw including Royal University of Warsaw (1819�1831), Main School (1862�1869), and Imperial University of Warsaw (1869�1915); National Museum of Natural History, Zoology Department [Narodowe Muzeum Przyrodnicze, Dział Zoologiczny (NMPW)] (1919�1921); Polish State Museum of Natural History (1921�1928), renamed State Zoological Museum [Pań stwowe Muzeum Zoologiczne (PMZW)] in 1928; became part of the Zoological Institute of the Polish Academy of Sciences in 1952. Includes: Muzeum Zoologiczne Branickich (MZBW); part of Zoologische Sammlung zu Stettin [Szczecin] (ZSS) salvaged in 1945. Obsolete as: NMPW, PMZW, ZPPAN. Current as: IZPAN. Also as: MIZ (birds), MZPW (birds). See also: ZPAL (fossils). Mazovia. Poland.
IZSNU: Institute of Zoology, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an [Xian]. Current as: IZSNU. Also as: DBSNU (Department of Biology), SNUIZ (fishes). Shaanxi [Shensi]. China.
IZSX: Shaanxi Institute of Zoology, Xi'an [Xian]. Also known as: Northwest Institute of Endangered Zoological Species. Note: established in 1978 based on Shaanxi Institute of Biology and the SAS Survey Team for Qinling Biological Resources. Current as: IZSX. Also as: SIZ (herps). Shaanxi [Shensi]. China.
IZTA: Institute of Zoology, T黵kmenistanyň Ylymlar akademi齛sy [Turkmen Academy of Sciences], Ashgabat. Turkmenistan.
IZUA: Instituto de Zoolog韆, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia. Current as: IZUA. Valdivia. Chile.
IZUCS: Collezione Zoologica, Dipartimento di Biologia Animale ed Ecologia, Universit� di Cagliari, Cagliari, Island of Sardinia. Obsolete as: MZUC. Current as: IZUCS. See also: MDLCA (fossils). Cagliari. Italy.
IZUG: Dipartimento di Scienze della Terra, dell'Ambiente e della Vita (DISTAV), Universit� di Genova [University of Genoa], Genova [Genoa] Note: DISTAV derived from merger of multiple institutes and departments including Dipartimento del Territorio e delle sue Risorse (DTRG), Istituto di Scienze Ambientali Marine and Istituto di Zoologia. Current as: IZUG. Also as: DTRG (sharks). Genova [Genoa]. Italy.
IZUM: Museo di Zoologia ed Anatomia Comparata, Universit� di Modena e Reggio Emilia, Modena. Formerly: Universit� di Modena until 1998. Note: descended from Museo di Storia Naturale del ducato Estense established in 1776. Includes: collections donated by Francesco Testi to Istituto e Museo di Zoologia/Istituto di Zoologia e de Anatomia comparata (IZUM) ca. 1913�1915. Current as: IZUM (herps). Also as: MZAC, MSNM (sharks, Museo di Storia Naturale). See also: IPUM (fossils). Modena. Italy.
Innsb: Institut f黵 Geologie [Department of Geology], Universit鋞 Innsbruck [University of Innsbruck], Innsbruck. Current as: Innsb (fossils). Tyrol. Austria.
